Here we look closely at river floods and flood damage to help you learn more about the geography topic of rivers. Choose from 500 different sets of flooding geography flashcards on quizlet. Floods are often given designations as a hundred year flood or twenty year flood, etc. Geography the causes of flooding worksheet teaching.
A large amount or number, especially when moving from one place to another. Flooding that begins within 6 hours, and often within 3 hours, of the heavy rainfall or other cause. As a part of their study of rivers in gcse geography students will look at flooding. However, it does not indicate how severe this flood will be if it occurs. Geography india disasters disaster is an undesirable catastrophe resulting from the forces that are largely beyond human control, strikes quickly with little or no warning, and causes or. Generally, the larger the river, the deeper the flood and the longer it will last. Pdf an introduction to flood risk and management researchgate. Flood definition is a rising and overflowing of a body of water especially onto normally dry land. Can be permanent features or incorporated into the. Flood management methods flood management bbc bitesize. Journal of flood risk management wiley online library.
These can be used to show annual discharge patterns of flow in relation to climate. A flash flood is a rapid rise of water along a stream or lowlying urban area. On the other hand, streams in hilly areas may give no warning that a flash flood is about to strike. By constructing reservoirs in the courses of rivers could stores extra water at the time of flood. Flash floods can occur due to dam or levee breaks, andor mudslides debris flow. Journal of flood risk management is transitioning to open access. Flood risk and flood management are popular issues in the geography curriculum.
The river channel and that portion of the floodplain required to pass 100year floodwaters without. In less than an hour, strong rain can turn an ankle deep creek into an unstoppable 30foothigh swell that overpowers everything in its path. Floods are natural occurrences where an area or land that is normally dry abruptly becomes submerged in water. Flood plain definition of flood plain by the free dictionary. The national flood insurance progam nfip underwrites flood insurance coverage only in communities that adopt and. Out of a data set spanning 199 years 5, this flood was the 2 nd largest in terms of discharge. The inundation of a normally dry area caused by rising water in an existing waterway, such as a river, stream, or drainage ditch. A 1% safety level means that the probability that a flood will occur within a given year is 1%. Flash flooding definition national weather service. Floods generally affect a wider geographical area than other disasters. This factsheet gives an outline of flooding issues in scotland and provides information about how. An overflowing of water onto land that is normally dry. River floods information all about floods and flooding. Generally, floods take hours or even days to develop, giving residents time to prepare or evacuate.
From a teaching and learning perspective, flooding offers several important opportunities because, in order to make sense of these issues, students need to. Flash flood definition of flash flood by the free dictionary. A river flood occurs when a river overspills its banks. Students read the descriptions and draw a diagram for each one. The regular seasonal spring floods of the nile river prior. Concepts of hazards, disasters and hazard assessment goals. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Each category has a definition based on property damage and public threat. Geomorphology definition is a science that deals with the relief features of the earth or of another celestial body such as the moon and seeks an interpretation of them based on their origins and development. Flood storage and erosion controloffer a broad area for streams and rivers to spread out and accommodate temporary storage of flood water, reducing flood peaks and erosion potential water quality maintenance reducing sediment loads, filtering nutrients and impurities, and moderating water temperature. Biology, ecology, earth science, geology, geography, physical geography. Flood prone areas flood control measures i reservoirs. Conditions on a river that drains a large watershed may warn of a pending flood hours or even days before actual flooding.
The increase in discharge can be triggered by several events. Examples of common injuries after flooding are small lacerations or punctures due to the. Can be permanent features or incorporated into the design of an area and become. Hydrographs illustrate river discharge and rainfall over time.
A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. According to the latest estimates, the city has a number of. Aquatic disasters include flood, tidal waves, storm surge, tsunami, etc. Gcse geography risk of floods and the management of flooding. Flash floods are defined as those flood events where the. Geomorphology definition of geomorphology by merriamwebster. We use cookies to provide the services and features offered on our website, and to improve our user experience. Flooding happens in many ways due to overflow of streams, rivers, lakes or oceans or as a result of excessive. Flooding is a natural and regular reality for many rivers, helping sculpt soil and spread nutrients in alluvial valleys and supporting many ecosystems such as swamps and bottomland forests adapted to occasional inundation. If there is a flood, a large amount of water covers an area which is usually dry, for. Thresholds and criteria of the definition of rising rivers.
If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Various causes of flood, losses by flood and flood control measures are described below. In simple terms, flood can be defined as an overflow of large quantities of water onto a normally dry land. Wise use means both reduced flood losses and protection of the natural resources and function of floodplains. For instance when a flood would cause many victims and there would be a lot of damage. We are pleased to announce that journal of flood risk management has transitioned to open access as of january 2020. Perhaps unsurprisingly, floods tend to affect lowlying areas most severely. Dili, east timors capital, is a rather flat city, but with a very small area, lying nestled between the mountains and the sea. Flood definition and meaning collins english dictionary.
Floods are an area of study of the discipline hydrology and are of significant concern in agriculture, civil engineering and public health. In 2014, across europe the estimated cost of flood damage was around. Floodplains and floodplain management page 1 of 2 definitions floodplain. Flood, highwater stage in which water overflows its natural or artificial banks onto normally dry land, such as a river inundating its floodplain. The environment agency or your local council may also have published online sources detailing local flood defence schemes. Although this kind of flood lasts for a shorter period, it can cause more damages and pose a greater risk to life and property as people usually have less time to take preventative action during rapidonset floods. The inundation of an area by water is called a flood. Floods are a natural part of the water cycle, but they can be terrifying forces of destruction. When monetized, flood risk can be used to determine the economically optimal safety level. But dont let these terms fool you, a hundred year flood does not mean that such a flood occurs once every 100 years.
Floods can occur for a variety of reasons, and their effects can be minimized in several different ways. The effects of floods on human wellbeing range from unqualified blessings to catastrophes. Pdf this technical report covers part of previous research conducted by the authors, presented here in four sections. To find out more about flood risk, the environment agencys flood map is a geographical information system. A flood happens when water overflows or soaks land that is normally dry. This is the second of two quizzes on that topic and it looks at both the risk of floods and their management.
Learn flooding geography with free interactive flashcards. Flood is commonly defined as an overflow of water onto lands that are used. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm, or meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields. World meteorological organization, manual for estimation of. Sometimes, it is also known as storm hydrograph, flood hydrograph or simply. The most common cause of flooding is prolonged rainfall. Floods come in all depths, from just a couple inches to many feet.
A floodplain is a generally flat area of land next to a river or stream. Flooding occurs when a rivers discharge exceeds its channels volume causing the river to overflow onto the area surrounding the channel known as the floodplain. Gcse geography causes of floods and effects of flooding rivers. Dams built to control floods of damodar could not control the flood. There are few places on earth where people dont need to be concerned about flooding. Put most simply, a flood is an overflow of water in one place. Floods are an area of study of the discipline hydrology and are of significant concern in agriculture, civil engineering and public health flooding may occur as an overflow of water from water bodies, such as a river, lake, or. Floods causes and effects of flooding flood protection. Flash floods may occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam, or a. The geology and geography of floods oregon state university. A flood that has a 1percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any year.
The main cause of flooding in the city centre is the use of flood barriers beyond the city centre. Flood walls can be used to raise the height of the river bank to a level where the river might not burst its banks. Rapidonset floods last for a relatively shorter period, they usually last for one or two days only. Here, the yellow river snakes through a flood plain in sichuan, china. Ponding of water at or near the point where the rain fell. Regular news stories about flooding in the uk make this a topical issue one to which many students can relate. Floodplain management is a decisionmaking process that aims to achieve the wise use of the nations floodplains. A simple activity to be included with teaching about the causes of flooding. Start studying geography rivers and flooding key terms. Flood risk flood risk takes into account the overall consequences of a flood.
Flood definition, a great flowing or overflowing of water, especially over land not usually submerged. In alberta there exists a potential for flooding along all rivers and streams 1 and there is also potential for flooding from rising groundwater. A flash flood is a rapid flooding of lowlying areas. The geology and geography of floods andrews forest. Persistent thunderstorms over the same geographical area for extended. Over the short term, a flood or storm hydrograph figure 1. A flood plain is an area of land that is prone to flooding.
The national weather service defines a flash flood as a rapid and extreme flow of high water into a normally dry area, or a rapid rise in a stream or creek above a predetermine d flood level, beginning. Flooding is a longer term event than flash flooding. An extremely simple definition of flooding is too much water in a new place but a more technical description is when water has overflown into an area that is normally dry. Flash floods can be caused by a number of things, but is most often due to extremely heavy rainfall from thunderstorms. Sometimes, it is also known as storm hydrograph, flood. Sometimes, floods develop quickly and with little warning. Flooding is a natural part of the yearly cycle of a river, creating flood plains, levees and various other features. As a result, all submissions received from 8 th august 2019 will be subject to an article processing charge if accepted and published to the journal. Biology, ecology, earth science, geology, oceanography, engineering, geography, human geography, physical geography, social studies, world history. Floods slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
In the sense of flowing water, the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide. For example, a recurrence interval of 100 years for a flood suggests that in any year, a flood of that magnitude has a 1% chance of occurring. In less than an hour, strong rain can turn an ankle deep creek into an unstoppable 30foothigh swell that overpowers everything in. Geography the causes of flooding worksheet teaching resources. Flooding is a natural and regular reality for many rivers, helping sculpt soil and spread nutrients in alluvial valleys and supporting many ecosystems such as swamps and bottomland forests adapted to occasional. We dont know whether the bridge can cope with that amount of water during a flood and it could eventually collapse, he said. This is one of two quizzes on flooding and it focusses in particular on the causes and the effects of floods. Aug 02, 2014 for example, a flood with a discharge of 200m 3 s1 occurred at some point in the rivers past. The frequency is measured in terms of a hazards recurrence interval. Floods are common natural disasters that can affect millions of people around the world. Such measures adopted till now however, have not been successful. Any normally dry land area susceptible to surfacewater flooding. Floods can also contaminate drinking water and lead to diseases.
This reflects a statistical measure of how often a hazard event of a given magnitude and intensity will occur. Department of physical geography and landuse, institute of geography, moscow. The power of floodwater is extraordinary and lethal. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a. Gcse geography causes of floods and effects of flooding. They destroy houses and buildings, and carry soil away from valuable farming land.